a shaving,

<<a lamp,

<<for that

<<certainly

<<the act

<<of his own

<<caused it.

If he sent it

<<by the hand of

<<a competent person,

<<the competent person

<<is liable

<<etc.

<<Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said:

<<whoever

<<teaches

<<“libah”

<<does not

<<err,

<<and whoever

<<teaches

<<“nibah”

<<does not

<<err.

Whoever

<<teaches

<<“libah”

<<does not

<<err,

<<for it is written:

<<“In a flame of

<<fire”.

<<And whoever

<<teaches

<<“nibah”

<<does not

<<err,

<<for it is written:

<<“Who creates

<<the expression of

<<the lips”.

If fanned it

<<the wind,

<<all of them

<<are exempt.

<<The Rabbis taught:

<<if he fanned it

<<and fanned it

<<the wind,

<<if

<<there is

<<in his fanning

<<enough

<<to fan it,

<<he is liable;

<<and if

<<not,

<<he is exempt.

Why?

<<Let it be

<<like one who winnows

<<and the wind

<<assists him!

Abaye said:

<<here

<<with what

<<are we dealing?

<<Such as

<<where he fanned

<<from side

<<one,

<<and fanned it

<<the wind

<<from side

<<another.

<<Rava

<<said:

<<such as

<<where he fanned

<<with a wind

<<that is usual,

<<and fanned it

<<the wind

<<with a wind

<<that is not

<<usual.

<<Rabbi Zeira

<<said:

<<such as

<<where he blew on it

<<gently.

Rav Ashi

<<said:

<<when

<<we say

<<one who winnows

<<and the wind

<<assists him,

<<these

<<words apply

<<regarding

<<Shabbos,

<<for deliberate labor

<<forbade

<<the Torah;

<<but

<<here

<<an indirect cause

<<merely

<<it is,

<<and an indirect cause

<<in damages

<<is exempt.

MISHNAH:

<<One who sends

<<the fire,

<<and it consumed

<<wood

<<or

<<stones

<<or

<<earth —

<<he is liable;

<<for it is said:

<<“If

<<goes out

<<fire

<<and finds

<<thorns,

<<and is consumed

<<a stack

<<or

<<the standing grain

<<or

<<the field,

<<shall pay,

<<shall pay

<<the one who kindled

<<the fire”.

GEMARA:

<<Rava said:

<<why

<<do I need

<<that wrote

<<the Merciful One

<<“thorns”,

<<“a stack”,

<<“standing grain”

<<and “field”?

They are needed;

<<for if

<<had written

<<the Merciful One

<<“thorns”,

<<I would have said:

<<thorns

<<it is

<<that made liable

<<the Merciful One,

<<because

<<is common

<<fire

<<near them,

<<and it is common

<<that he is negligent;

<<but

<<a stack,

<<where is not

<<common

<<fire

<<near them,

<<and it is not

<<common

<<that he is negligent,

<<say

<<not.

<<And if

<<had written

<<the Merciful One

<<“a stack”,

<<I would have said:

<<a stack

<<made liable

<<the Merciful One

<<because

<<the loss

<<is great;

<<but

<<thorns,

<<where the loss

<<is small,

<<say

<<not.

“Standing grain” —

<<why

<<do I need it?

<<Just as

<<standing grain

<<is in the open,

<<so too

<<everything

<<in the open.

And according to Rabbi

<<Yehuda,

<<who holds liable

<<for damage to

<<hidden things

<<by fire,

<<“standing grain”

<<why

<<do I need it?

<<To include

<<all

<<things with

<<height.

<<And the Rabbis —

<<to include

<<all

<<things with

<<height

<<from where

<<do they have it?

<<They derive it

<<from “or

<<the standing grain”.

And Rabbi Yehuda —

<<“or”

<<is needed

<<for him

<<to separate.

<<And the Rabbis —

<<to separate

<<from where

<<do they have it?

<<They derive it

<<from “or

<<the field”.

And Rabbi Yehuda —

<<since

<<wrote

<<the Merciful One

<<“or

<<the standing grain”,

<<it wrote

<<“or

<<the field”.

“Field” —

<<why

<<do I need it?

<<To include

<<where it licked up

<<his plowed land

<<and scorched

<<his stones.

<<And let write

<<the Merciful One

<<“field”,

<<and it would not

<<need

<<those!

<<It is needed;

<<for if

<<had written

<<the Merciful One

<<“field”,

<<I would have said:

<<what

<<is in the field —

<<yes;

<<something

<<else —

<<no;

<<it teaches us.

Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachmani said in the name of Rabbi Yonasan:

<<does not

<<calamity

<<come

<<to the world

<<except

<<when

<<the wicked

<<are in the world,

<<and it does not

<<begin

<<except

<<with

<<the righteous

<<first,

<<as it is said:

<<“If

<<goes out

<<fire

<<and finds

<<thorns”.

<<When

<<does fire

<<go out?

<<When

<<thorns

<<are found

<<for it.

<<And it does not

<<begin

<<except

<<with

<<the righteous

<<first,

<<as it is said:

<<“and is consumed

<<a stack”;

<<“and it consumes

<<a stack”

<<is not

<<said,

<<but

<<“and is consumed

<<a stack” —

<<that was consumed

<<the stack

<<already.

Taught

<<Rav Yosef:

<<what is

<<that which is written:

<<“And you —

<<do not

<<go out,

<<any man,

<<from the entrance of

<<his house

<<until

<<morning”?

<<Once

<<is given

<<permission

<<to the destroyer,

<<he does not

<<distinguish

<<between

<<the righteous

<<and the wicked.

<<And not only that, but

<<he begins

<<with

<<the righteous

<<first,

<<as it is said:

<<“And I will cut off

<<from you

<<the righteous

<<and the wicked”.

Wept

<<Rav Yosef:

<<all

<<this

<<too

<<as nothing

<<are they considered?

<<Abaye said to him:

<<a kindness

<<it is

<<for them,

<<as it is written:

<<“For

<<from before

<<the evil

<<is gathered

<<the righteous”.

Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav: