It will come

<<to be confused

<<with the first!

<<But

<<there comes

<<festival

<<the third.

The Rabbis taught:

<<at first,

<<anyone

<<who

<<found

<<a lost object

<<would

<<announce

<<it

<<three

<<festivals,

<<and after

<<the festival

<<the last

<<seven

<<days,

<<so that

<<he might go

<<three

<<and return

<<three

<<and announce

<<day

<<one.

<<Once was destroyed

<<the Temple —

<<may it be rebuilt

<<speedily

<<in our days —

<<they enacted

<<that they should

<<announce

<<in synagogues

<<and in study halls.

<<And once became many

<<the oppressors,

<<they enacted

<<that they should

<<inform

<<his neighbors

<<and his acquaintances,

<<and that is enough.

What is

<<“once became many

<<the oppressors”?

<<That they say:

<<a lost object

<<belongs to the king.

<<Rabbi Ami

<<found

<<a trough

<<of dinars.

<<He saw him —

<<a certain

<<Roman —

<<that he was afraid.

<<He said to him:

<<go

<<take it

<<for yourself,

<<for not

<<Persians

<<are we,

<<who say:

<<a lost object

<<belongs to the king.

The Rabbis taught:

<<a Claimants' Stone

<<there was

<<in Jerusalem.

<<Anyone

<<who

<<had lost

<<to him

<<a lost object

<<would turn

<<there,

<<and anyone

<<who

<<found

<<a lost object

<<would turn

<<there.

<<This one

<<stands

<<and announces,

<<and this one

<<stands

<<and gives

<<marks

<<and takes it.

<<And that

<<is

<<what we learned:

<<go out

<<and see

<<whether

<<has been worn away

<<the Claimants' Stone.

MISHNAH:

<<if he stated

<<the lost object

<<but did not

<<state

<<its marks —

<<he may not

<<give it

<<to him.

<<And a deceiver,

<<even though

<<he stated

<<its marks —

<<he may not

<<give it

<<to him,

<<for it is said:

<<“until

<<seeks

<<your brother

<<it” —

<<until

<<you examine

<<your brother

<<whether

<<a deceiver

<<he is

<<or

<<he is not

<<a deceiver.

GEMARA:

<<it was stated:

<<Rav Yehuda

<<said:

<<“a lost object”

<<he announces;

<<and Rav Nachman

<<said:

<<“a cloak”

<<he announces.

Rav Yehuda

<<said:

<<“a lost object”

<<he announces,

<<for if

<<you say

<<“a cloak”

<<he announces

<<we are concerned

<<for a deceiver.

Rav Nachman

<<said:

<<“a cloak”

<<he announces;

<<for a deceiver

<<we are not

<<concerned,

<<for if

<<so

<<there is no

<<to the matter

<<end.

We learned:

<<if he stated

<<the lost object

<<but did not

<<state

<<its marks —

<<he

<<may not

<<give it

<<to him.

<<If you say it is well

<<“a lost object”

<<he announces —

<<this

<<it teaches us:

<<even though

<<he said

<<“a cloak”,

<<when

<<he did not

<<state

<<marks

<<we do not

<<return it

<<to him.

<<But

<<if you say

<<“a cloak”

<<he announces —

<<he said

<<himself

<<“a cloak”,

<<and he said

<<himself

<<“a cloak” —

<<is it necessary to say

<<that when

<<he did not

<<state

<<marks

<<we do not

<<return it

<<to him?

Rav Safra said:

<<actually

<<“a cloak”

<<he announces;

<<he said

<<himself

<<“a cloak”,

<<and he said

<<himself

<<marks.

<<And what is

<<“he did not

<<state

<<its marks”?

<<He did not

<<state

<<the marks

<<that are decisive

<<of it.

“And a deceiver,

<<even though

<<he stated

<<its marks —

<<he

<<may not

<<give it

<<to him.”

<<The Rabbis taught:

<<at first,

<<anyone

<<who

<<had lost

<<to him

<<a lost object

<<would

<<give

<<marks

<<and take it.

<<Once became many

<<the deceivers,

<<they enacted

<<that they should

<<say

<<to him:

<<go

<<and bring

<<witnesses

<<that not

<<a deceiver

<<are you,

<<and take it.

Like

<<that

<<of Rav Pappa's father,

<<who lost

<<to him

<<a donkey

<<and they found it.

<<He came

<<before

<<Rabbah bar Rav Huna.

<<He said to him:

<<go

<<bring

<<witnesses

<<that not

<<a deceiver

<<are you,

<<and take it.

<<He went

<<and brought

<<witnesses.

<<He said to them:

<<do you know

<<of him

<<that a deceiver

<<he is?

<<They said to him:

<<yes.

<<He said to them:

<<I

<<a deceiver

<<am I?!

<<They said to him:

<<we

<<“not

<<a deceiver

<<are you”

<<were saying.

<<Rabbah bar Rav Huna said:

<<it stands to reason:

<<does not

<<bring

<<a person

<<a liability

<<upon himself.

MISHNAH:

<<any

<<thing

<<that works

<<and eats —

<<let it work

<<and eat;

<<and a thing

<<that does not

<<work

<<and eat —

<<let it be sold,

<<for it is said:

<<“and you shall return it

<<to him” —

<<see

<<how

<<you shall return it

<<to him.

What

<<shall be

<<with the money?

<<Rabbi Tarfon

<<says:

<<he may use

<<them;

<<therefore

<<if

<<they were lost

<<he is liable

<<for them.

<<Rabbi Akiva

<<says:

<<he may not

<<use

<<them;

<<therefore

<<if

<<they were lost

<<he is not

<<liable

<<for them.

GEMARA:

<<and forever?

<<Rav Nachman said in the name of Shmuel:

<<until

<<twelve

<<months.

<<It was also taught so:

<<any

<<thing

<<that works

<<and eats,

<<such as

<<a cow

<<or a donkey —

<<he cares

<<for them

<<until

<<twelve

<<months;

<<from then

<<onward

<<he assesses

<<their value

<<and sets it aside.

Calves

<<and foals —

<<he cares

<<for them

<<three

<<months;

<<from then

<<onward

<<he assesses

<<their value

<<and sets it aside.

<<Geese

<<and chickens —

<<he cares

<<for them

<<thirty

<<days;

<<from then

<<onward

<<he assesses

<<their value

<<and sets it aside.

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said:

<<a hen

<<is like a large animal.

<<It was also taught so:

<<a hen

<<or an animal

<<that is large —

<<he cares

<<for them

<<twelve

<<months;

<<from then

<<onward

<<he assesses

<<their value

<<and sets it aside.

<<Calves

<<and foals —

<<he cares

<<for them

<<thirty

<<days;

<<from then

<<onward

<<he assesses

<<their value

<<and sets it aside.

<<Geese

<<and chickens

<<and any

<<thing

<<whose care

<<is greater

<<than its earnings —

<<he cares

<<for them

<<three

<<days;

<<from then

<<onward

<<he assesses

<<their value

<<and sets it aside.

It is difficult:

<<calves

<<and foals

<<against calves

<<and foals,

<<geese

<<and chickens

<<against geese

<<and chickens!

Calves

<<and foals

<<against calves

<<and foals

<<is not

<<difficult:

<<this

<<is of pasture,

<<and this

<<is of fattening.

Geese

<<and chickens

<<against geese

<<and chickens

<<too

<<is not

<<difficult:

<<this

<<is with large ones,

<<this

<<is with small ones.

“And one that does not

<<work

<<and eat.”

<<The Rabbis taught:

<<“and you shall return it

<<to him” —

<<see

<<how

<<you shall return it

<<to him:

<<that he not

<<feed

<<a calf

<<to calves,

<<or a foal

<<to foals,

<<a goose

<<to geese,

<<or a chicken

<<to chickens.

“What

<<shall be

<<with the money?

<<Rabbi Tarfon

<<says

<<he may use”

<<etc.

<<Until

<<here

<<they do not

<<disagree