they are not

<<in “if it be put”.

What is the reason?

<<Is it not

<<because

<<we do not

<<say:

<<since

<<it has become revealed

<<the matter

<<that now

<<it pleases him,

<<from the outset

<<too

<<it pleased him?

<<Different is

<<there,

<<for it is written

<<“if

<<he puts” —

<<until

<<he puts.

If so,

<<the first clause

<<too!

<<There

<<it is like Rav Pappa,

<<for Rav Pappa

<<contrasts:

<<it is written

<<“if

<<he puts”,

<<and we read

<<“if

<<it be put”!

<<This

<<how is it?

We require

<<“if

<<it be put”

<<similar

<<to “if

<<he puts”:

<<just as

<<“he puts”

<<is with knowledge,

<<so too

<<“if

<<it be put”

<<also

<<is with knowledge.

Come and hear,

<<for Rabbi Yochanan said

<<in the name of

<<Rabbi Yishmael ben Yehotzadak:

<<from where

<<of a lost object

<<that swept away

<<a river

<<that it is

<<permitted?

<<For it is written:

<<and so

<<shall you do

<<for his donkey,

<<and so

<<shall you do

<<for his garment,

<<and so

<<shall you do

<<for every

<<lost object of

<<your brother

<<which

<<he loses

<<from him

<<and you find it” —

<<one

<<that is lost

<<from him

<<but available

<<to

<<every

<<person;

<<excluded is

<<this

<<which is lost

<<from him

<<and is not

<<available

<<to

<<every

<<person.

And the forbidden

<<is similar

<<to the permitted:

<<just as

<<the permitted —

<<whether

<<it has

<<in it

<<a mark

<<or whether

<<it has not

<<in it

<<a mark —

<<is permitted,

<<so too

<<the forbidden —

<<whether

<<it has

<<in it

<<a mark

<<or whether

<<it has not

<<in it

<<a mark —

<<is forbidden.

<<A refutation

<<of Rava,

<<a refutation!

And the halachah

<<is in accordance with

<<Abaye

<<in YAAL

<<KGAM.

Rav Acha son of Rava said to Rav Ashi:

<<and since

<<after

<<that was refuted

<<Rava —

<<these

<<dates

<<of the wind —

<<how

<<do we eat

<<them?

<<He said to him:

<<since

<<there are

<<vermin

<<and creeping things

<<that eat

<<them,

<<from the outset

<<despairing

<<he despairs

<<of them.

Orphans,

<<who are not

<<capable of forgiving

<<they are —

<<what?

<<He said to him:

<<in a valley

<<in the land

<<of orphans

<<we do not

<<take hold.

One established

<<and standing —

<<what?

<<A walled orchard —

<<what?

<<He said to him:

<<they are forbidden.

“Small sheaves

<<in the public domain —

<<these

<<are his.”

<<Rabbah said:

<<and even

<<with a thing

<<that has

<<in it

<<a mark.

<<Apparently

<<he holds —

<<Rabbah —

<<a mark

<<that is liable

<<to be trodden on

<<is not

<<deemed

<<a mark.

<<Rava

<<said:

<<they taught it only

<<with

<<a thing

<<that has not

<<in it

<<a mark,

<<but

<<with a thing

<<that has

<<in it

<<a mark

<<he is obligated

<<to announce.

<<Apparently

<<he holds —

<<Rava —

<<a mark

<<that is liable

<<to be trodden on

<<is

<<a mark.

And there are

<<who teach

<<this

<<teaching

<<on its own:

<<a mark

<<that is liable

<<to be trodden on —

<<Rabbah

<<said:

<<it is not

<<deemed

<<a mark;

<<and Rava

<<said:

<<it is

<<a mark.

We learned:

<<small sheaves

<<in the public domain —

<<these

<<are his;

<<in a private domain

<<he takes

<<and announces.

<<What is the case?

<<If

<<they have not

<<in them

<<a mark —

<<in a private domain

<<what

<<does he announce?

<<Rather,

<<is it not

<<that they have

<<in them

<<a mark,

<<and it teaches:

<<in the public domain —

<<these

<<are his.

<<Apparently

<<a mark

<<that is liable

<<to be trodden on

<<is not

<<deemed

<<a mark —

<<a refutation

<<of Rava!

Says to you

<<Rava:

<<actually

<<they have not

<<in them

<<a mark,

<<and what you said —

<<in a private domain

<<what

<<does he announce? —

<<he announces

<<the place.

<<And Rabbah

<<said:

<<a place

<<is not

<<deemed

<<a mark.

<<For it was stated:

<<a place —

<<Rabbah

<<said:

<<it is not

<<deemed

<<a mark;

<<and Rava

<<said:

<<it is

<<a mark.

Come and hear:

<<small sheaves

<<in the public domain —

<<these

<<are his;

<<in a private domain

<<he takes

<<and announces.

<<And the large sheaves —

<<whether

<<in the public domain

<<or

<<in a private domain —

<<he takes

<<and announces.

<<Rabbah

<<how

<<does he explain

<<it,

<<and Rava

<<how

<<does he explain

<<it?

<<Rabbah

<<explains

<<according to his reasoning,

<<with a mark;

<<and Rava

<<explains

<<according to his reasoning,

<<with a place.

Rabbah

<<explains

<<according to his reasoning

<<with a mark:

<<small sheaves

<<in the public domain —

<<these

<<are his,

<<because