“From all

<<your tithes

<<you shall set apart.”

<<And what

<<did you see?

<<This

<<has become grain,

<<and this

<<not

<<has become grain.

“Second tithe

<<or consecrated property

<<that were redeemed”:

<<It is obvious!

<<Here

<<with what

<<are we dealing?

<<Where

<<he gave

<<the principal

<<but did not

<<give

<<the fifth.

<<And this

<<it teaches us:

<<that does not

<<the fifth

<<hold [it] back.

“The attendant

<<who ate

<<an olive's bulk”:

<<It is obvious!

<<You might say:

<<an attendant

<<does not

<<fix [his meal];

<<it teaches us.

“And the Cuthean —

<<they join to bless

<<with him”:

<<Why?

<<Not

<<should he be

<<more than

<<an am ha'aretz!

<<And it is taught:

<<They do not

<<join to bless

<<with

<<an am ha'aretz!

Abaye

<<said:

<<With a Cuthean

<<who is a chaver.

<<Rava

<<said:

<<Even

<<you may say

<<with a Cuthean

<<who is an am ha'aretz,

<<and here

<<with an am ha'aretz

<<as the Rabbis [define him],

<<who disagree

<<with

<<Rabbi Meir,

<<are we dealing;

<<as it is taught:

<<Who is

<<an am ha'aretz?

<<Anyone

<<who does not

<<eat

<<his ordinary food

<<in purity;

<<the words of

<<Rabbi Meir.

<<And the Sages

<<say:

<<Anyone

<<who does not

<<tithe

<<his produce

<<properly.

<<And these

<<Cutheans,

<<tithing

<<they tithe

<<as is fitting,

<<for in what

<<is written

<<in the Torah

<<careful

<<they are.

<<For said

<<the Master:

<<Every

<<mitzva

<<that took hold

<<of it

<<the Cutheans —

<<greatly

<<are they meticulous

<<in it,

<<more

<<than Israel.

The Rabbis taught:

<<Who is

<<an am ha'aretz?

<<Anyone

<<who does not

<<recite

<<the Shema

<<in the evening

<<and in the morning;

<<the words of

<<Rabbi Eliezer.

<<Rabbi Yehoshua

<<says:

<<Anyone

<<who does not

<<put on

<<tefillin.

<<Ben Azzai

<<says:

<<Anyone

<<who does not

<<have

<<tzitzis

<<on his garment.

<<Rabbi Nassan

<<says:

<<Anyone

<<who does not have

<<a mezuza

<<on

<<his doorway.

<<Rabbi Nassan bar Yosef

<<says:

<<Anyone

<<who has

<<sons

<<and does not

<<raise them

<<to the study of

<<Torah.

<<Acherim

<<say:

<<Even if

<<he read [Scripture]

<<and learned [Mishnah],

<<but did not

<<serve

<<Torah scholars,

<<behold,

<<this one is

<<an am ha'aretz.

<<Rav Huna said:

<<The halachah

<<is like Acherim.

Rami bar Chama

<<did not

<<join to bless

<<with

<<Rav Menashya bar Tachlifa,

<<who studied

<<Sifra

<<and Sifrei

<<and halachos.

<<When

<<passed away

<<Rami bar Chama,

<<Rava said:

<<Not

<<did die

<<Rami bar Chama

<<except

<<because he did not

<<join to bless

<<with Rav

<<Menashya bar Tachlifa.

<<But isn't it taught:

<<Acherim

<<say:

<<Even if

<<he read

<<and learned,

<<but did not

<<serve

<<Torah scholars,

<<behold,

<<this one is

<<an am ha'aretz?

<<Different is

<<Rav Menashya bar Tachlifa,

<<for he served

<<them,

<<the Rabbis;

<<and Rami bar Chama

<<it is

<<who did not

<<investigate

<<after him.

<<Another version:

<<One who heard

<<teachings

<<from the mouths

<<of the Rabbis

<<and studies

<<them

<<is like a young scholar

<<of the Rabbis

<<he is considered.

“[If] one ate

<<tevel,

<<or tithe,

<<etc.”:

<<Tevel —

<<it is obvious!

<<It is not necessary

<<except for tevel

<<that is tevel

<<by rabbinic law.

<<What is the case?

<<With a pot

<<that is not

<<perforated.

“First tithe,

<<etc.”:

<<It is obvious!

<<It is not necessary

<<except where

<<he took it early

<<in the pile.

<<You might say:

<<as said

<<to him

<<Rav Pappa

<<to Abaye;

<<it teaches us:

<<as he answered

<<him.

“Second tithe,

<<etc.”:

<<It is obvious!

<<It is not necessary

<<except where they were redeemed

<<but not

<<were they redeemed

<<according to their laws.

<<Second tithe —

<<for example,

<<that he redeemed it

<<onto

<<an unminted coin,

<<and the Merciful One

<<said:

<<“And you shall bind up

<<the money

<<in your hand”:

<<money

<<that has

<<on it

<<a form.

<<Consecrated property —

<<that he deconsecrated it

<<onto

<<land,

<<and did not

<<redeem it

<<with money,

<<and the Merciful One

<<said:

<<“And he shall give

<<the money,

<<and it shall be established

<<as his.”

“And the attendant

<<who ate

<<less

<<than an olive's bulk”:

<<It is obvious!

<<Since

<<it taught

<<in the first clause

<<“an olive's bulk,”

<<it taught

<<in the latter clause

<<“less

<<than an olive's bulk.”

“And the gentile —

<<not

<<do they join to bless

<<with him”:

<<It is obvious!

<<Here

<<with what

<<are we dealing?

<<With a convert

<<who was circumcised

<<but did not

<<immerse.

<<For Rabbi Zeira said in the name of Rabbi Yochanan:

<<Never

<<is he

<<a convert

<<until

<<he is circumcised

<<and immerses;

<<and as long as

<<he has not

<<immersed,

<<a gentile

<<he is.

“Women,

<<and slaves,

<<and minors —

<<not

<<do they join to bless

<<with them.”

<<Rabbi Yosei said:

<<A minor

<<who is lying

<<in a cradle —

<<they join to bless

<<with him.

But surely

<<we learned:

<<“Women,

<<and slaves,

<<and minors —

<<not

<<do they join to bless

<<with them”!

He

<<is the one who said [it]

<<like Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi,

<<for Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said:

<<Even though

<<they said

<<a minor

<<who is lying

<<in a cradle —

<<not

<<do they join to bless

<<with him,

<<but

<<they make

<<him

<<an addition

<<for ten.

And Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said:

<<Nine

<<and a slave

<<combine.

<<They raised an objection:

<<An incident

<<with Rabbi Eliezer,

<<who entered

<<into the synagogue

<<and did not

<<find

<<ten,

<<and he freed

<<his slave

<<and completed with him

<<the ten.

<<Freed —

<<yes;

<<not

<<freed —

<<no!

<<Two

<<were needed;

<<he freed

<<one,

<<and fulfilled [the ten]

<<with one.

And how

<<did he do

<<so?

<<But didn't Rav Yehuda say:

<<Anyone

<<who frees

<<his slave

<<violates

<<a positive commandment,

<<as it is stated:

<<“Forever

<<of them

<<shall you take your service”?

<<For a matter of

<<mitzva

<<it is different.

<<A mitzva

<<that comes

<<through a transgression

<<it is!

<<A mitzva

<<of the many

<<is different.

And Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said:

<<Always

<<should rise early

<<a person

<<to the synagogue,

<<so that

<<he will merit

<<and be counted

<<among

<<the ten

<<first;

<<for even if

<<a hundred

<<come

<<after him,

<<he received

<<for himself

<<the reward of

<<all of them.

<<“The reward of

<<all of them” —

<<could it enter your mind?!

<<Rather,

<<say:

<<they give

<<him

<<reward

<<corresponding to

<<all of them.

Rav Huna said:

<<Nine

<<and the ark

<<combine.

<<Rav Nachman said to him:

<<And the ark —

<<a man

<<is it?

<<Rather,

<<Rav Huna said:

<<Nine

<<that appear

<<as ten

<<combine.

<<Some say it:

<<when

<<they are gathered.

<<And some say it:

<<when

<<they are scattered.

Rav Ami said:

<<Two

<<and Shabbos

<<combine.

<<Rav Nachman said to him:

<<And Shabbos —

<<a man

<<is it?!

<<Rather,

<<Rabbi Ami said:

<<Two

<<Torah scholars

<<who sharpen

<<each other

<<in halachah

<<combine.

<<Pointed out

<<Rav Chisda:

<<For example,

<<I

<<and Rav Sheshes.

<<Pointed out

<<Rav Sheshes:

<<For example,

<<I

<<and Rav Chisda.

Rabbi Yochanan said:

<<A minor

<<who is sprouting —

<<they join to bless

<<with him.

<<It is taught

<<also

<<so:

<<A minor

<<who has brought forth

<<two

<<hairs —

<<they join to bless

<<with him;

<<and one who has not

<<brought forth

<<two

<<hairs —

<<not

<<do they join to bless

<<with him;

<<and they are not

<<exacting

<<with a minor.

<<This

<<itself

<<is difficult!

<<You said:

<<brought forth

<<two

<<hairs —

<<yes;

<<not

<<brought forth —

<<no!

<<And then

<<it teaches:

<<they are not

<<exacting

<<with a minor.

<<To include

<<what?

<<Is it not