MISHNAH:

<<How

<<do they bless

<<over

<<the fruits?

<<Over

<<the fruits of

<<the tree

<<he

<<says:

<<“Who creates

<<the fruit of

<<the tree,”

<<except

<<for

<<the wine,

<<for over

<<the wine

<<he

<<says:

<<“Who creates

<<the fruit of

<<the vine.”

<<And over

<<the fruits of

<<the earth

<<he

<<says:

<<“Who creates

<<the fruit of

<<the ground,”

<<except

<<for

<<the bread,

<<for over

<<the bread

<<he

<<says:

<<“Who brings forth

<<bread

<<from

<<the earth.”

<<And over

<<the vegetables

<<he

<<says:

<<“Who creates

<<the fruit of

<<the ground.”

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<“Who creates

<<kinds of

<<herbs.”

GEMARA:

<<From where

<<are these

<<words?

<<As the Rabbis taught:

<<“Holy,

<<for praises

<<to Hashem” —

<<it teaches

<<that they require

<<a blessing

<<before them

<<and after them.

<<From here

<<Rabbi Akiva said:

<<It is forbidden

<<for a person

<<to taste

<<anything

<<before

<<he blesses.

And this

<<“Holy,

<<for praises” —

<<for this

<<it

<<comes?

<<This

<<is needed

<<for him:

<<one,

<<that said

<<the Merciful One:

<<redeem it

<<and then

<<eat it.

<<And the other:

<<a thing

<<that requires

<<song

<<requires

<<redemption,

<<and that which does not

<<require

<<song

<<does not

<<require

<<redemption.

<<And in line with Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachmani

<<in the name of

<<Rabbi Yonasan,

<<for Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachmani said in the name of Rabbi Yonasan:

<<From where

<<that they do not

<<say

<<song

<<except

<<over

<<the wine?

<<As it is stated:

<<“And said

<<to them

<<the vine:

<<Shall I give up

<<my wine,

<<that gladdens

<<God

<<and men?”

<<If

<<men

<<it gladdens,

<<God —

<<with what

<<does it gladden?

<<From here

<<that they do not

<<say

<<song

<<except

<<over

<<the wine!

This works well

<<for the one

<<who teaches

<<“a sapling

<<of the fourth year.”

<<But

<<for the one

<<who teaches

<<“a vineyard

<<of the fourth year,”

<<what

<<is there

<<to say?

<<For it was stated:

<<Rabbi Chiya

<<and Rabbi Shimon son of Rabbi:

<<one

<<teaches

<<“a vineyard

<<of the fourth year,”

<<and one

<<teaches

<<“a sapling

<<of the fourth year.”

And for the one

<<who teaches

<<“a vineyard

<<of the fourth year,”

<<this works well

<<if

<<he derives

<<a gezeirah shavah.

<<As it is taught:

<<Rebbi

<<says:

<<It is stated

<<here:

<<“to increase

<<for you

<<its produce,”

<<and it is stated

<<there:

<<“and the produce of

<<the vineyard.”

<<Just as

<<there

<<it is a vineyard,

<<so too

<<here

<<a vineyard.

<<There is left over

<<for him

<<one

<<“praise”

<<for a blessing.

And if

<<not

<<does he derive

<<a gezeirah shavah,

<<a blessing —

<<from where

<<does he have it?

<<And even if

<<he derives

<<a gezeirah shavah,

<<we have found

<<after it;

<<before it,

<<from where?

This

<<is not difficult,

<<for it comes

<<by a kal vachomer:

<<when he

<<is sated

<<he blesses;

<<when he

<<is hungry,

<<is it not

<<all the more

<<so?

We have found

<<a vineyard;

<<other

<<kinds,

<<from where?

For he derives

<<from a vineyard:

<<just as

<<a vineyard

<<is a thing

<<that one benefits from

<<and requires

<<a blessing,

<<so too

<<every

<<thing

<<that one benefits from

<<requires

<<a blessing.

There is

<<to refute:

<<what

<<of a vineyard?

<<For it

<<is obligated

<<in oleilos!

Standing grain

<<will prove it.

<<What

<<of standing grain?

<<For it

<<is obligated

<<in challah!

A vineyard

<<will prove it.

<<And returned

<<the argument:

<<not

<<the feature of

<<this

<<is like the feature of

<<that,

<<and not

<<the feature of

<<that

<<is like the feature of

<<this;

<<the side

<<common

<<to them:

<<a thing

<<that one benefits from

<<and requires

<<a blessing,

<<so too

<<every

<<thing

<<that one benefits from

<<requires

<<a blessing.

What

<<of the side

<<common

<<to them?

<<For

<<there is

<<in it

<<an aspect of

<<the altar!

<<And there comes

<<also

<<the olive,

<<which has

<<in it

<<an aspect of

<<the altar.

And the olive —

<<from the aspect of

<<the altar

<<does it come?

<<But surely

<<explicitly

<<it is written

<<of it

<<“vineyard,”

<<as it is written:

<<“And he burned

<<from the stacks

<<and up to

<<the standing grain

<<and up to

<<the vineyard

<<of olive.”

<<Rav Pappa said:

<<“A vineyard

<<of olive”

<<it is called;

<<“a vineyard”

<<unqualified

<<not

<<is it called.

In any case

<<it is difficult:

<<what

<<of the side

<<common

<<to them?

<<For

<<there is

<<in them

<<an aspect of

<<the altar!

<<Rather,

<<he derives

<<it

<<from the seven

<<species:

<<just as

<<the seven

<<species

<<are a thing

<<that one benefits from

<<and requires

<<a blessing,

<<so too

<<every

<<thing

<<that one benefits from

<<requires

<<a blessing.

What

<<of the seven

<<species?

<<For they

<<are obligated

<<in first fruits!

<<And further:

<<this works well

<<for after it;

<<before it,

<<from where?

This

<<is not difficult,

<<for it comes

<<by a kal vachomer:

<<when he

<<is sated

<<he blesses;

<<when he

<<is hungry,

<<is it not

<<all the more

<<so?

And for the one

<<who teaches

<<“a sapling

<<of the fourth year,”

<<this

<<works well

<<for anything

<<that is a thing of

<<planting.

<<That which is not

<<a thing of

<<planting,

<<such as

<<meat,

<<eggs,

<<and fish —

<<from where

<<does he have it?

<<Rather,

<<a logical reasoning

<<it is:

<<it is forbidden

<<for him,

<<for a person,

<<to benefit

<<from

<<this world

<<without

<<a blessing.

The Rabbis taught:

<<It is forbidden

<<for him,

<<for a person,

<<to benefit

<<from

<<this world

<<without

<<a blessing.

<<And anyone

<<who benefits

<<from

<<this world

<<without

<<a blessing

<<has committed misuse.

<<What

<<is his remedy?

<<Let him go

<<to

<<a Sage.

Let him go

<<to

<<a Sage?!

<<What

<<will he do

<<for him?

<<Surely

<<he has committed

<<for himself

<<the prohibition!

<<Rather,

<<Rava said:

<<Let him go

<<to

<<a Sage

<<from the outset,

<<and he will teach him

<<blessings,

<<so

<<that not

<<will he come

<<into the hands of

<<misuse.

Rav Yehuda said in the name of Shmuel:

<<Anyone

<<who benefits

<<from

<<this world

<<without

<<a blessing

<<is as if

<<he benefited

<<from the consecrated things of

<<Heaven,

<<as it is stated:

<<“To Hashem

<<is the earth

<<and its fullness.”

<<Rabbi Levi

<<pointed out a contradiction:

<<It is written:

<<“To Hashem

<<is the earth

<<and its fullness,”

<<and it is written:

<<“The heavens

<<are heavens

<<of Hashem,

<<and the earth

<<He gave

<<to the children of

<<man”!

<<It is not difficult:

<<here

<<before

<<a blessing,