and from

<<the tefillin,

<<and are obligated

<<in prayer

<<and in mezuzah

<<and in Grace after Meals.

GEMARA:

<<“The Shema”:

<<It is obvious!

<<A positive mitzvah

<<that is time-bound

<<it is,

<<and every

<<positive mitzvah

<<that is time-bound

<<women

<<are exempt [from it]!

You might have said:

<<since

<<there is

<<in it

<<the Kingship of

<<Heaven,

<<it teaches us.

“And from

<<the tefillin.”

<<It is obvious!

<<You might have said:

<<since

<<it is juxtaposed

<<to mezuzah,

<<it teaches us.

“And are obligated

<<in prayer.”

<<For [a plea for] mercy

<<it is.

<<You might have said:

<<since

<<it is written

<<of it

<<“Evening

<<and morning

<<and noon,”

<<like a positive mitzvah

<<that is time-bound

<<it is;

<<it teaches us.

“And in mezuzah.”

<<It is obvious!

<<You might have said:

<<since

<<it is juxtaposed

<<to Torah study,

<<it teaches us.

“And in Grace after Meals.”

<<It is obvious!

<<You might have said:

<<since

<<it is written:

<<“When gives

<<Hashem

<<you

<<in the evening

<<meat

<<to eat

<<and bread

<<in the morning

<<to be satisfied,”

<<like a positive mitzvah

<<that is time-bound

<<it is;

<<it teaches us.

Rav Adda bar Ahava said:

<<women

<<are obligated

<<in the sanctification of

<<the day

<<by Torah law.

<<Why?

<<A positive mitzvah

<<that is time-bound

<<it is,

<<and every

<<positive mitzvah

<<that is time-bound

<<women

<<are exempt [from it]!

<<Abaye said:

<<by rabbinic law.

Rava said to him:

<<but surely

<<“by Torah law”

<<he says!

<<And further,

<<all

<<positive mitzvos

<<let us obligate them

<<by rabbinic law!

Rather,

<<Rava said:

<<says

<<the verse:

<<“Remember”

<<and “Keep” —

<<anyone

<<who is included

<<in keeping

<<is included

<<in remembering;

<<and these

<<women,

<<since

<<they are included

<<in keeping,

<<they are included

<<in remembering.

Ravina said to Rava:

<<women

<<in Grace after Meals —

<<by Torah law

<<or

<<by rabbinic law?

<<For what

<<is the practical difference?

<<To discharge

<<the many

<<from

<<their obligation.

<<If

<<you say,

<<granted,

<<by Torah law,

<<comes

<<one [obligated] by Torah law

<<and discharges

<<one [obligated] by Torah law.

<<But

<<if

<<you say

<<by rabbinic law,

<<it is

<<“one who is not

<<obligated

<<in the matter,”

<<and anyone

<<who is not

<<obligated

<<in the matter

<<does not

<<discharge

<<the many

<<from

<<their obligation.

<<What [is the law]?

Come and hear:

<<in truth

<<they said:

<<a son

<<blesses

<<for his father,

<<and a slave

<<blesses

<<for his master,

<<and a woman

<<blesses

<<for her husband;

<<but

<<said

<<the Sages:

<<may come

<<a curse

<<to a man

<<whose wife

<<and children

<<bless

<<for him.

If

<<you say,

<<granted,

<<by Torah law,

<<comes

<<one [obligated] by Torah law

<<and discharges

<<one [obligated] by Torah law.

<<But

<<if

<<you say

<<by rabbinic law,

<<comes

<<one [obligated] by rabbinic law

<<and discharges

<<one [obligated] by Torah law?!

And according to your reasoning,

<<a minor —

<<one subject to

<<obligation

<<is he?

<<Rather,

<<here

<<with what

<<are we dealing?

<<As in a case

<<where he ate

<<a measure

<<of the Rabbis,

<<where comes

<<one [obligated] by rabbinic law

<<and discharges

<<one [obligated] by rabbinic law.

Expounded

<<Rav Avira —

<<sometimes

<<he said

<<it

<<in the name

<<of Rabbi Ami,

<<and sometimes

<<he said

<<it

<<in the name

<<of Rabbi Assi:

<<Said

<<the ministering angels

<<before

<<the Holy One, Blessed be He:

<<“Master of the world,

<<it is written

<<in Your Torah:

<<‘Who

<<does not

<<lift

<<the face [show favor]

<<and does not

<<take

<<a bribe’;

<<but surely

<<You

<<lift

<<the face

<<to Israel,

<<as it is written:

<<‘May lift

<<Hashem

<<His face

<<to you’?!”

<<He said

<<to them:

<<“And should

<<not

<<I lift

<<the face

<<to Israel?

<<For I wrote

<<for them

<<in the Torah:

<<‘And you shall eat

<<and be satisfied

<<and bless

<<Hashem

<<your God,’

<<and they

<<are exacting

<<[upon]

<<themselves

<<up to

<<an olive's bulk

<<and up to

<<an egg's bulk.”

MISHNAH:

<<One who has had a seminal emission

<<meditates

<<in his heart

<<and does not

<<bless,

<<neither

<<before it

<<nor

<<after it.

<<And over

<<food

<<he blesses

<<after it

<<and does not

<<bless

<<before it.

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<he blesses

<<before them

<<and after them.

GEMARA:

<<Ravina said:

<<this

<<is to say:

<<meditation

<<like speech

<<is considered.

<<For if

<<it enters your mind

<<not

<<like speech

<<is it considered,

<<why

<<does he meditate?

Rather,

<<what —

<<meditation

<<like speech

<<is considered?

<<Let him bring it out

<<with his lips!

As we found

<<at Sinai.

And Rav Chisda

<<said:

<<meditation

<<not

<<like speech

<<is considered,

<<for if

<<it enters your mind

<<meditation

<<like speech

<<is considered,

<<let him bring it out

<<with his lips.

Rather,

<<what —

<<meditation

<<not

<<like speech

<<is considered?

<<Why

<<does he meditate?

<<Rabbi Elazar said:

<<so that

<<not

<<will be

<<all

<<the world

<<engaged

<<in it

<<and he

<<sits

<<idle.

But let him recite

<<in a section

<<other!

<<Rav Adda bar Ahava said:

<<with a matter

<<that the congregation

<<is engaged

<<in it.