but

<<for prayer,

<<[not] until

<<he covers

<<his heart.

And Rav Huna said:

<<If he forgot

<<and entered

<<with tefillin

<<the bathroom,

<<he places

<<his hand

<<upon them

<<until

<<he finishes.

<<“Until

<<he finishes” —

<<does it enter your mind?!

<<Rather,

<<as said

<<Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak:

<<until

<<he finishes

<<the first column.

<<But let him stop

<<immediately

<<and stand up?

<<Because

<<of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel,

<<as it is taught:

<<Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel

<<says:

<<a column [of excrement]

<<that is held back

<<brings

<<a person

<<to the state of

<<dropsy;

<<a stream [of urine]

<<that is held back

<<brings

<<a person

<<to the state of

<<jaundice.

It was stated:

<<Feces

<<on

<<his flesh,

<<or

<<his hand

<<resting

<<in the bathroom —

<<Rav Huna

<<said:

<<it is permitted

<<to recite

<<the Shema.

<<Rav Chisda

<<said:

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema.

<<Rava said:

<<What is the reason

<<of Rav Huna?

<<For it is written:

<<“Every

<<soul

<<shall praise

<<God;

<<Halleluyah.”

And Rav Chisda

<<said:

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema.

<<What is the reason

<<of Rav Chisda?

<<For it is written:

<<“All

<<my bones

<<shall say:

<<Hashem,

<<who

<<is like You?”

It was stated:

<<An odor

<<that is foul

<<that has

<<for it

<<a source —

<<Rav Huna

<<said:

<<he distances himself

<<four

<<cubits

<<and recites

<<the Shema.

<<And Rav Chisda

<<said:

<<he distances himself

<<four

<<cubits

<<from the place

<<where ceased

<<the odor,

<<and recites

<<the Shema.

It is taught

<<in accordance with

<<Rav Chisda:

<<“Should not

<<recite

<<a person

<<the Shema,

<<not

<<opposite

<<the excrement of

<<a person,

<<and not

<<opposite

<<the excrement of

<<dogs,

<<and not

<<opposite

<<the excrement of

<<pigs,

<<and not

<<opposite

<<the excrement of

<<chickens,

<<and not

<<opposite

<<the filth of

<<a dung-heap

<<whose odor

<<is foul.

<<And if

<<it was

<<a place

<<high

<<ten

<<handbreadths

<<or

<<low

<<ten

<<handbreadths,

<<he sits

<<at its side

<<and recites

<<the Shema.

<<And if

<<not,

<<he distances himself

<<from it

<<the full extent of

<<his sight.

<<And likewise

<<for prayer.

<<An odor

<<that is foul

<<that has

<<for it

<<a source —

<<he distances himself

<<four

<<cubits

<<from the place of

<<the odor,

<<and recites

<<the Shema.”

Rava said:

<<Not

<<is the halacha

<<like

<<this

<<baraisa

<<in all

<<these

<<rulings,

<<but rather

<<like

<<this one,

<<as it is taught:

<<“Should not

<<recite

<<a person

<<the Shema,

<<not

<<opposite

<<the excrement of

<<a person,

<<and not

<<opposite

<<the excrement of

<<pigs,

<<and not

<<opposite

<<the excrement of

<<dogs

<<when

<<he has put

<<hides

<<into them.”

They asked

<<of him

<<from Rav Sheshes:

<<An odor

<<that is foul

<<that has not

<<for it

<<a source,

<<what is [the law]?

<<He said

<<to them:

<<Come

<<see

<<these

<<mats

<<of the study hall,

<<for these

<<sleep

<<and these

<<study.

<<And this applies

<<to words of

<<Torah,

<<but

<<to the Shema,

<<not.

<<And words of

<<Torah

<<too,

<<not

<<did we say [it]

<<except

<<of his fellow's,

<<but

<<his own,

<<not.

It was stated:

<<Feces

<<that are passing —

<<Abaye

<<said:

<<it is permitted

<<to recite

<<the Shema.

<<Rava

<<said:

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema.

Abaye said:

<<From where

<<do I say

<<it?

<<For we learned:

<<“The impure one

<<stands

<<under

<<the tree

<<and the pure one

<<passes —

<<he is impure.

<<The pure one

<<stands

<<under

<<the tree

<<and the impure one

<<passes —

<<he is pure.

<<And if

<<[the impure one] stood,

<<he is impure.

<<And likewise

<<with the stone

<<that is afflicted [with tzaraas].”

And Rava

<<would say

<<to you:

<<There,

<<on settled presence

<<depends

<<the matter,

<<as it is written:

<<“Alone

<<he shall dwell;

<<outside

<<the camp

<<shall be his dwelling.”

<<Here,

<<“And shall be

<<your camp

<<holy,”

<<said

<<the Merciful One,

<<and here

<<it is not [so].

Rav Pappa said:

<<The mouth of

<<a pig

<<like feces

<<that is passing

<<is considered.

<<It is obvious!

<<It is needed:

<<even though

<<it comes up

<<from the river.

Rav Yehuda said:

<<A doubt of

<<feces

<<is forbidden;

<<a doubt of

<<urine

<<is permitted.

<<Some say:

<<Rav Yehuda said:

<<A doubt of

<<feces:

<<in the house

<<it is permitted,

<<in the dung-heap

<<it is forbidden.

<<A doubt of

<<urine,

<<even

<<in the dung-heap

<<too

<<is permitted.

He holds

<<it

<<like

<<this [ruling]

<<of Rav Hamnuna,

<<for Rav Hamnuna said:

<<Did not

<<forbid

<<the Torah

<<except

<<opposite

<<the stream

<<alone.

And like Rabbi Yonasan.

<<For Rabbi Yonasan

<<raised a contradiction:

<<It is written:

<<“And a place

<<shall be

<<for you

<<outside

<<the camp,

<<and you shall go out

<<there

<<outside,”

<<and it is written:

<<“And a peg

<<shall be

<<for you,

<<etc.,

<<and you shall cover

<<your excrement.”

How is this?

<<Here

<<with the large [needs],

<<here

<<with the small.

<<Evidently,

<<the small —

<<did not

<<forbid

<<the Torah

<<except

<<opposite

<<the stream

<<alone;

<<but [once]

<<it has fallen

<<to the ground

<<it is permitted,

<<and the Rabbis

<<it is

<<who decreed

<<about them;

<<and when

<<decreed

<<about them

<<the Rabbis,

<<in their certain cases,

<<but

<<in their doubtful cases

<<not

<<did they decree.

And in their certain cases,

<<until

<<how long?

<<Rav Yehuda said in the name of Shmuel:

<<As long as

<<they moisten [the hand].

<<And likewise

<<Rabbah bar bar Chana said in the name of Rabbi Yochanan:

<<As long as

<<they moisten.

<<And likewise

<<Ulla said:

<<As long as

<<they moisten.

<<Geniva

<<in the name

<<of Rav

<<said:

<<As long as

<<their mark

<<is discernible.

Rav Yosef said:

<<“May forgive

<<him,

<<his Master,

<<Geniva!

<<Now,

<<feces —

<<Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav:

<<once

<<has formed a crust

<<its surface,

<<it is permitted;

<<urine

<<is it necessary [to say]?!”

Abaye said to him:

<<What

<<did you see

<<that you rely

<<on this?

<<Rely

<<on this,

<<for Rabbah bar Rav Huna said in the name of Rav:

<<Feces,

<<even

<<like earthenware,

<<is forbidden.

And what is the case of

<<feces

<<like earthenware?

<<Rabbah bar bar Chana said in the name of Rabbi Yochanan:

<<As long as

<<he throws it

<<and it does not

<<crumble.

<<And some say:

<<As long as

<<he rolls it

<<and it does not

<<crumble.

Ravina said:

<<I was

<<standing

<<before

<<Rav Yehuda

<<of Difti;

<<he saw

<<feces.

<<He said

<<to me:

<<“Examine

<<whether

<<has formed a crust

<<its surface

<<or

<<not.”

<<Some say

<<thus

<<he said

<<to him:

<<“Examine

<<whether

<<it is cracked

<<through with cracks.”

What

<<became

<<of it?

<<It was stated:

<<Feces

<<like earthenware —

<<Ameimar

<<said:

<<it is forbidden;

<<and Mar Zutra

<<said:

<<it is permitted.

<<Rava said:

<<The halacha:

<<feces

<<like earthenware

<<is forbidden;

<<and urine,

<<as long as

<<they moisten.

They raised an objection:

<<“Urine —

<<as long as

<<they moisten,

<<are forbidden;

<<if they were absorbed

<<or

<<dried,

<<they are permitted.”

<<What,

<<is it not

<<‘absorbed’

<<similar

<<to ‘dried’:

<<just as

<<‘dried’

<<where there is not

<<their mark

<<discernible,

<<so too

<<‘absorbed’

<<where there is not

<<their mark

<<discernible.

<<But [if]

<<their mark

<<is discernible,

<<it is forbidden,

<<even though

<<they do not

<<moisten!

And according to your reasoning,

<<say

<<the first clause:

<<“As long as

<<they moisten

<<it is

<<that it is forbidden” —

<<but [if]

<<their mark

<<is discernible,

<<it is permitted!

<<Rather,

<<from this

<<there is nothing

<<to learn

<<from it.

Let us say

<<it is like Tannaim:

<<“A vessel

<<that were spilled

<<from it

<<urine —

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema

<<opposite it.

<<And the urine

<<itself

<<that was spilled:

<<if they were absorbed,

<<it is permitted;

<<if they were not

<<absorbed,

<<it is forbidden.

<<Rabbi Yosei

<<says:

<<as long as

<<they moisten.”

What

<<is ‘absorbed’

<<and what

<<is ‘not

<<absorbed’

<<that is saying

<<the first tanna?

<<If you say:

<<‘absorbed’

<<where they do not

<<moisten;

<<‘not

<<absorbed’

<<where they moisten;

<<and comes

<<Rabbi Yosei

<<to say:

<<as long as

<<they moisten

<<it is

<<that it is forbidden,

<<but [if]

<<their mark

<<is discernible,

<<it is permitted —

<<this is the same as

<<the first tanna!

<<Rather,

<<‘absorbed’

<<where there is not

<<their mark

<<discernible;

<<‘not

<<absorbed’

<<where their mark

<<is discernible;

<<and comes

<<Rabbi Yosei

<<to say:

<<as long as

<<they moisten

<<it is

<<that it is forbidden,

<<but [if]

<<their mark

<<is discernible,

<<it is permitted.

No.

<<Everyone [agrees]:

<<as long as

<<they moisten

<<it is

<<that it is forbidden;

<<but [if]

<<their mark

<<is discernible,

<<it is permitted;