GEMARA:

<<granted

<<Beis Hillel

<<explain

<<their reason

<<and the reason

<<of Beis Shammai;

<<but

<<Beis Shammai —

<<what is the reason

<<not

<<do they say

<<like Beis Hillel?

They would tell you,

<<Beis Shammai:

<<if so,

<<let say

<<the verse

<<“in the morning

<<and in the evening”!

<<What is

<<“when you lie down

<<and when you rise”?

<<At the time of

<<lying down,

<<lying down

<<literally;

<<and at the time of

<<rising,

<<rising

<<literally.

And Beis Shammai —

<<this

<<“and when you walk

<<on the way” —

<<what

<<do they do

<<with it?

That

<<they need

<<for themselves

<<for that which is taught:

<<“when you sit

<<in your house” —

<<excluding

<<one who is engaged

<<in a mitzvah;

<<“and when you walk

<<on the way” —

<<excluding

<<a groom.

<<From here

<<they said:

<<one who marries

<<a virgin

<<is exempt,

<<and a widow

<<is obligated.

What

<<indicates it?

Rav Pappa said:

<<like

<<a way:

<<just as

<<a way

<<is optional,

<<so too

<<all

<<that is optional.

Are

<<not

<<we dealing

<<with one who is going

<<for a matter of

<<mitzvah,

<<and even

<<so

<<said

<<the Merciful One:

<<let him recite?

<<If so,

<<let write

<<the Merciful One

<<“in sitting

<<and in walking”;

<<what is

<<“in your sitting

<<and in your walking”?

<<In sitting

<<of yours

<<and in walking

<<of yours

<<it is

<<that you are obligated;

<<this

<<of a mitzvah

<<you are exempt.

If so,

<<even

<<one who marries

<<a widow

<<too?

This one

<<is preoccupied,

<<and this one

<<is not

<<preoccupied.

If

<<because of

<<preoccupation,

<<even

<<if sank

<<his ship

<<at sea

<<too!

<<And if

<<you say:

<<so too,

<<why then

<<Rabbi Abba bar Zavda said in the name of Rav:

<<a mourner

<<is obligated

<<in all

<<the mitzvos

<<stated

<<in the Torah,

<<except for

<<the tefillin,

<<for

<<is said

<<about them

<<“splendor,”

<<as it is stated:

<<“Your splendor

<<bind

<<upon yourself”?!

There,

<<he is preoccupied

<<with a preoccupation

<<of mitzvah;

<<here

<<he is preoccupied

<<with a preoccupation

<<of choice.

And Beis Shammai?

That

<<they need

<<for themselves

<<to exclude

<<agents of

<<a mitzvah.

And Beis Hillel

<<say:

<<automatically

<<learn from it

<<that even

<<on the way

<<too

<<one recites.

The Rabbis taught:

<<Beis Hillel

<<say:

<<standing

<<they recite,

<<sitting

<<they recite,

<<and reclining

<<they recite,

<<walking

<<on the road

<<they recite,

<<doing

<<their work

<<they recite.

<<And an incident

<<with Rabbi Yishmael

<<and Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya,

<<who were

<<reclining

<<in place

<<one,

<<and was

<<Rabbi Yishmael

<<reclining,

<<and Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya

<<upright.

<<When

<<arrived

<<the time of

<<the Shema,

<<reclined

<<Rabbi Elazar

<<and sat upright

<<Rabbi Yishmael.

<<Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya said to Rabbi Yishmael:

<<Yishmael

<<my brother,

<<I will tell

<<you

<<a parable:

<<to what

<<is the matter

<<similar?

<<A parable

<<to one

<<that they say

<<to him:

<<your beard

<<is grown long!

<<He said

<<to them:

<<let it be

<<against

<<those who would destroy it!

<<So

<<too

<<you:

<<all

<<the time

<<that I

<<am upright,

<<you

<<are reclining;

<<now

<<when I

<<have reclined,

<<you

<<have sat upright.

He said

<<to him:

<<I

<<acted

<<in accordance with the words of

<<Beis Hillel,

<<and you

<<acted

<<in accordance with the words of

<<Beis Shammai.

<<And not

<<only that,

<<but

<<perhaps

<<will see

<<the students

<<and fix

<<the halachah

<<for generations.

What is

<<“and not

<<only that”?

And if

<<you say:

<<Beis Hillel

<<too

<<hold

<<reclining,

<<that applies

<<where he reclined

<<and came

<<from the start.

<<But

<<here,

<<since

<<until

<<now

<<you were

<<upright

<<and now

<<reclining,

<<they will say:

<<learn from it

<<like Beis Shammai

<<they hold;

<<lest

<<will see

<<the students

<<and fix

<<the halachah

<<for generations.

Taught

<<Rav Yechezkel:

<<if he acted

<<in accordance with the words of

<<Beis Shammai,

<<he has acted;

<<in accordance with the words of

<<Beis Hillel,

<<he has acted.

Rav Yosef

<<said:

<<if he acted

<<in accordance with the words of

<<Beis Shammai,

<<not

<<has he done

<<anything.

<<For we learned:

<<one

<<who had

<<his head

<<and most of him

<<in the sukkah

<<and his table

<<inside

<<the house —

<<Beis Shammai

<<invalidate,

<<and Beis Hillel

<<validate.

They said

<<to them,

<<Beis Hillel

<<to Beis Shammai:

<<it happened

<<that went

<<the elders of

<<Beis Shammai

<<and the elders of

<<Beis Hillel

<<to visit

<<Rabbi Yochanan ben HaChoranis;

<<they found him

<<that he was

<<his head

<<and most of him

<<in the sukkah

<<and his table

<<inside

<<the house,

<<and not

<<did they say

<<to him

<<anything.

They said

<<to them:

<<and from there

<<a proof?!

<<Also

<<they

<<said

<<to him:

<<if

<<so

<<you were

<<accustomed,

<<not

<<have you fulfilled

<<the mitzvah of

<<sukkah

<<in your days.

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak

<<said:

<<if he acted

<<in accordance with the words of

<<Beis Shammai,

<<he is liable

<<to death,

<<for we learned:

<<Rabbi Tarfon said:

<<I

<<was

<<coming

<<on the road,

<<and I reclined

<<to recite

<<in accordance with the words of

<<Beis Shammai,

<<and I endangered

<<myself

<<because of

<<the bandits.

<<They said

<<to him:

<<worthy

<<you would have been

<<to be liable

<<for yourself,

<<for you transgressed

<<the words of

<<Beis Hillel.

MISHNAH:

<<in the morning

<<one blesses

<<two

<<before it

<<and one

<<after it;

<<and in the evening

<<one blesses

<<two

<<before it

<<and two

<<after it,

<<one

<<long

<<and one

<<short.

A place

<<where they said

<<to lengthen,

<<he is not

<<permitted

<<to shorten;

<<to shorten,

<<he is not

<<permitted

<<to lengthen;

<<to conclude,

<<he is not

<<permitted

<<not

<<to conclude;

<<not

<<to conclude,

<<he is not

<<permitted

<<to conclude.

GEMARA:

<<what

<<does one bless?

Rabbi Yaakov said in the name of Rabbi Oshaya: