and here,

<<with moist

<<so as to moisten [others],

<<there is [a difference]

<<between them.

“If he went down

<<to immerse,

<<if

<<he is able

<<to come up

<<etc.” —

<<Let us say

<<the tanna

<<taught it anonymously

<<like Rabbi Eliezer,

<<who says:

<<until

<<sunrise?

Even

<<say

<<Rabbi Yehoshua,

<<and perhaps

<<like the vasikin.

<<For Rabbi Yochanan said:

<<The vasikin

<<would

<<finish

<<it

<<with

<<sunrise.

“And if

<<not,

<<he covers himself

<<in water

<<and recites.”

<<But surely

<<his heart

<<sees

<<the nakedness?

Rabbi Elazar said,

<<and some say

<<Rabbi Acha bar Abba bar Acha,

<<in the name

<<of our Rabbi [Rav]:

<<in water

<<that is murky

<<they taught it,

<<which resembles

<<ground

<<that is firm,

<<so that not

<<will see

<<his heart

<<his nakedness.

The Rabbis taught:

<<Water

<<that is clear:

<<he sits

<<in it

<<up to

<<his neck

<<and recites.

<<And some say:

<<he muddies it

<<with his foot.

And the first tanna —

<<surely

<<his heart

<<sees

<<the nakedness!

<<He holds:

<<his heart

<<seeing

<<the nakedness

<<is permitted.

<<But surely

<<his heel

<<sees

<<the nakedness!

<<He holds:

<<his heel

<<seeing

<<the nakedness

<<is permitted.

It was stated:

<<His heel

<<seeing

<<the nakedness

<<is permitted;

<<touching —

<<Abaye

<<said:

<<it is forbidden,

<<and Rava

<<said:

<<it is permitted.

<<Rav Zevid

<<taught

<<it,

<<this

<<ruling,

<<thus.

<<Rav Chinana son of Rav Ika

<<taught

<<it

<<thus:

<<Touching —

<<all agree

<<it is forbidden;

<<seeing —

<<Abaye

<<said:

<<it is forbidden,

<<Rava

<<said:

<<it is permitted:

<<not

<<was given

<<the Torah

<<to the ministering angels.

<<And the halacha:

<<touching

<<is forbidden;

<<seeing

<<is permitted.

Rava said:

<<Feces

<<in a lantern —

<<it is permitted

<<to recite

<<the Shema

<<opposite it.

<<Nakedness

<<in a lantern —

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema

<<opposite it.

<<“Feces

<<in a lantern —

<<it is permitted

<<to recite

<<the Shema

<<opposite it,”

<<for feces —

<<on covering

<<depends

<<the matter,

<<and here

<<it is covered.

<<“Nakedness

<<in a lantern —

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema

<<opposite it” —

<<“And not

<<shall He see

<<in you

<<the nakedness of

<<anything,”

<<said

<<the Merciful One,

<<and here

<<it is seen.

Abaye said:

<<Feces,

<<any amount,

<<he nullifies it

<<with spittle.

<<Rava said:

<<And with spittle

<<that is thick.

<<Rava said:

<<Feces

<<in a hole:

<<he places

<<his sandal

<<upon it

<<and recites

<<the Shema.

<<Asked

<<Mar son of Ravina:

<<Feces

<<stuck

<<to his sandal,

<<what?

<<Let it stand.

Rav Yehuda said:

<<A gentile

<<who is naked —

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema

<<opposite him.

<<Why

<<specifically

<<a gentile?

<<Even

<<a Jew

<<too!

<<A Jew —

<<it is obvious

<<to him

<<that it is forbidden;

<<but

<<a gentile

<<was necessary

<<for him:

<<lest you say,

<<since

<<it is written

<<about them:

<<“Whose

<<flesh is the flesh of

<<donkeys

<<is their flesh,”

<<I might say

<<like a donkey

<<merely

<<he is;

<<it teaches us

<<that they

<<too

<<are called

<<nakedness,

<<as it is written:

<<“And the nakedness of

<<their father

<<not

<<did they see.”

“And he should not

<<cover himself

<<neither

<<in water

<<that is foul

<<nor

<<in the water of

<<soaking

<<until

<<he pours

<<into them

<<water.”

<<And how much

<<water

<<does he keep

<<pouring?

<<Rather,

<<thus

<<it is saying:

<<“He should not

<<cover himself

<<neither

<<in water

<<that is foul

<<nor

<<in the water of

<<soaking

<<at all;

<<and urine —

<<until

<<he pours

<<into them

<<water,

<<and [then] he may recite.”

The Rabbis taught:

<<How much

<<does he pour

<<into them

<<water?

<<Any amount.

<<Rabbi Zakkai

<<says:

<<A revi'is.

Rav Nachman said:

<<The dispute

<<is at the end;

<<but

<<at the beginning,

<<any amount.

And Rav Yosef

<<said:

<<The dispute

<<is at the beginning;

<<but

<<at the end,

<<all agree:

<<a revi'is.

<<Rav Yosef said

<<to his attendant:

<<“Bring

<<me

<<a revi'is

<<of water,

<<like Rabbi Zakkai.”

The Rabbis taught:

<<“A chamber pot

<<of

<<excrement

<<and a vessel

<<of

<<urine —

<<it is forbidden

<<to recite

<<the Shema

<<opposite them,

<<even though

<<there is not

<<in them

<<anything.

<<And urine

<<itself —

<<until

<<he pours

<<into them

<<water.

<<And how much

<<does he pour

<<into them

<<water?

<<Any amount.

<<Rabbi Zakkai

<<says:

<<A revi'is.

<<Whether

<<in front of

<<the bed

<<or

<<behind

<<the bed.

<<Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel

<<says:

<<Behind

<<the bed

<<he recites;

<<in front of

<<the bed

<<he does not

<<recite,

<<but

<<distances

<<himself

<<four

<<cubits

<<and recites.

<<Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar

<<says:

<<Even

<<a house of

<<a hundred

<<cubits —

<<he should not

<<recite

<<until

<<he takes them out

<<or

<<places them

<<under

<<the bed.”

A dilemma was raised before them:

<<How

<<is he saying:

<<“Behind

<<the bed

<<he recites

<<immediately;

<<in front of

<<the bed

<<he distances himself

<<four

<<cubits

<<and recites”?

<<Or

<<perhaps

<<thus

<<he is saying:

<<“Behind

<<the bed

<<he distances himself

<<four

<<cubits

<<and recites;

<<in front of

<<the bed

<<he does not

<<recite

<<at all”?

Come and hear:

<<As it is taught:

<<Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar

<<says:

<<“Behind

<<the bed

<<he recites

<<immediately;

<<in front of

<<the bed

<<he distances himself

<<four

<<cubits.”

<<Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel

<<says:

<<Even

<<a house of

<<a hundred

<<cubits —

<<he should not

<<recite

<<until

<<he takes them out

<<or

<<places them

<<under

<<the bed.”

Our dilemma

<<is resolved

<<for us;

<<the baraisos

<<contradict

<<each other!

<<Reverse

<<the latter one.

What

<<did you see

<<that you reverse

<<the latter one?

<<Reverse

<<the former one!

Whom

<<have you heard

<<of

<<who says:

<<the whole

<<house

<<like four cubits

<<is considered?

<<Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar

<<it is.

Rav Yosef said:

<<I asked

<<of him

<<from Rav Huna:

<<A bed

<<less

<<than three [handbreadths] —

<<it is obvious

<<to me

<<that like lavud

<<it is considered.

<<Three,

<<four,

<<five,

<<six,

<<seven,

<<eight,

<<nine —

<<what is [the law]?

<<He said to him:

<<Not

<<do I know.

<<Ten —

<<certainly

<<not

<<is it a question

<<for me.

<<Abaye said:

<<Well

<<you did

<<that not

<<was it a question

<<for you:

<<any

<<ten

<<a domain

<<separate

<<it is.

Rava said:

<<The halacha:

<<less

<<than three

<<like lavud

<<is considered;

<<ten —

<<a domain

<<separate

<<it is;

<<from three

<<until

<<ten —

<<this is

<<what asked

<<of him

<<Rav Yosef

<<from Rav Huna,

<<and not

<<did he resolve [it]

<<for him.

<<Rav said:

<<The halacha

<<is like Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar.

<<And likewise

<<Bali said,

<<said

<<Rav Yaakov (son of Shmuel's daughter):

<<The halacha

<<is like Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar.

<<And Rava

<<said:

<<There is no

<<halacha

<<like Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar.

Rav Achai

<<arranged a marriage

<<for him,

<<for his son,

<<in the house of

<<Rav Yitzchak bar Shmuel bar Marta.

<<He brought him

<<to the wedding canopy,

<<and not

<<was

<<succeeding

<<the matter.

<<He went

<<after him

<<to look into it;

<<he saw

<<a Torah scroll

<<that was placed [there].

<<He said

<<to them:

<<“Had

<<now

<<not

<<I come,

<<you would have endangered

<<my son!”

<<As it is taught:

<<“A house

<<that there is

<<in it

<<a Torah scroll

<<or

<<tefillin —

<<it is forbidden

<<to use

<<in it

<<the bed

<<until

<<he takes them out

<<or

<<places them

<<a vessel

<<inside

<<a vessel.”

Abaye said:

<<they taught this only

<<with a vessel

<<that is not

<<their [own] vessel;

<<but

<<with a vessel

<<that is

<<their [own] vessel,

<<even

<<ten

<<vessels

<<like one

<<vessel

<<are considered.

<<Rava said:

<<A cloak