The Rabbis taught:

<<If he erred

<<and did not

<<pray

<<Mincha

<<on the eve of

<<Shabbos,

<<he prays

<<on the night of

<<Shabbos

<<two.

<<If he erred

<<and did not

<<pray

<<Mincha

<<on Shabbos,

<<he prays

<<on the conclusion of

<<Shabbos

<<two

<<of

<<the weekday.

<<He makes havdalah

<<in the first,

<<and does not

<<make havdalah

<<in the second.

<<And if

<<he made havdalah

<<in the second

<<and did not

<<make havdalah

<<in the first,

<<the second

<<has counted

<<for him;

<<the first

<<not

<<has counted

<<for him.

Is that to say

<<that since

<<not

<<he made havdalah

<<in the first,

<<like one

<<who did not

<<pray

<<is he considered,

<<and we make go back

<<him?

And they raised a contradiction:

<<If he erred

<<and did not

<<mention

<<the might of

<<rain

<<in “the revival of

<<the dead,”

<<or the request [for rain]

<<in the blessing of

<<the years,

<<we make go back

<<him.

<<Havdalah

<<in “Who graciously grants

<<knowledge” —

<<not

<<do we make go back

<<him,

<<because

<<he can

<<say it

<<over

<<the cup!

<<It is difficult.

It was stated:

<<Rabbi Yosei son of Rabbi Chanina

<<said:

<<The prayers —

<<the Patriarchs

<<instituted them.

<<Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi

<<said:

<<The prayers —

<<corresponding to

<<the daily offerings

<<they instituted them.

It is taught

<<in accordance with

<<Rabbi Yosei son of Rabbi Chanina,

<<and it is taught

<<in accordance with

<<Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi.

<<It is taught

<<in accordance with

<<Rabbi Yosei son of Rabbi Chanina:

<<Avraham

<<instituted

<<the prayer of

<<Shacharis,

<<as it is stated:

<<“And rose early

<<Avraham

<<in the morning

<<to

<<the place

<<where

<<he had stood

<<there,”

<<and there is no

<<‘standing’

<<except

<<prayer,

<<as it is stated:

<<“And stood

<<Pinchas

<<and prayed.”

Yitzchak

<<instituted

<<the prayer of

<<Mincha,

<<as it is stated:

<<“And went out

<<Yitzchak

<<to converse

<<in the field

<<toward

<<evening,”

<<and there is no

<<‘conversation’

<<except

<<prayer,

<<as it is stated:

<<“A prayer

<<of the poor

<<when

<<he is faint,

<<and before

<<Hashem

<<he pours out

<<his conversation.”

Yaakov

<<instituted

<<the prayer of

<<Maariv,

<<as it is stated:

<<“And he encountered

<<the place

<<and lodged

<<there,”

<<and there is no

<<‘encountering’

<<except

<<prayer,

<<as it is stated:

<<“And you,

<<do not

<<pray

<<for

<<this people,

<<and do not

<<raise

<<for them

<<cry

<<and prayer,

<<and do not

<<entreat (lit. encounter)

<<Me.”

And it is taught

<<in accordance with

<<Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi:

<<For what reason

<<did they say

<<“The prayer of

<<the morning

<<until

<<midday”?

<<For surely

<<the daily offering

<<of

<<the morning

<<was offered

<<on and on

<<until

<<midday.

<<And Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<“until

<<four

<<hours,”

<<for surely

<<the daily offering

<<of

<<the morning

<<was offered

<<on and on

<<until

<<four

<<hours.

And for what reason

<<did they say

<<“The prayer of

<<Mincha

<<until

<<the evening”?

<<For surely

<<the daily offering

<<of

<<the afternoon

<<was offered

<<on and on

<<until

<<the evening.

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<“until

<<the half of

<<Mincha,”

<<for surely

<<the daily offering

<<of

<<the afternoon

<<was offered

<<on and on

<<until

<<the half of

<<Mincha.

And for what reason

<<did they say

<<“The prayer of

<<the evening

<<there is not

<<for it

<<a fixed time”?

<<For surely

<<the limbs

<<and the fats

<<that were not

<<consumed

<<by evening

<<were offered

<<on and on

<<all night.

And for what reason

<<did they say

<<“That of

<<the Mussafim

<<all day”?

<<For surely

<<the offering

<<of

<<the Mussafim

<<was offered

<<all day.

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<“until

<<seven

<<hours,”

<<for surely

<<the offering of

<<Mussaf

<<was offered

<<on and on

<<until

<<seven

<<hours.

And which

<<is

<<Mincha

<<gedolah [the great]?

<<From six

<<hours

<<and a half

<<and onward.

<<And which

<<is

<<Mincha

<<ketanah [the small]?

<<From nine

<<hours

<<and a half

<<and onward.

A dilemma was raised before them:

<<Rabbi Yehuda —

<<the half of

<<Mincha

<<the first one

<<is he saying,

<<or

<<the half of

<<Mincha

<<the last one

<<is he saying?

<<Come and hear:

<<As it is taught:

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<“The half of

<<Mincha

<<the last one

<<they said,

<<and it is

<<eleven

<<hours

<<less

<<a quarter.”

Let us say

<<it will be

<<a refutation

<<of Rabbi Yosei son of Rabbi Chanina?

<<Would say

<<to you

<<Rabbi Yosei son of Rabbi Chanina:

<<Actually

<<I will say

<<to you:

<<the prayers —

<<the Patriarchs

<<instituted them,

<<and attached them

<<the Rabbis

<<to the offerings.

<<For if

<<not

<<you say

<<so,

<<the prayer of

<<Mussaf,

<<according to Rabbi Yosei son of Rabbi Chanina,

<<who

<<instituted it?

<<Rather,

<<the prayers —

<<the Patriarchs

<<instituted them,

<<and attached them

<<the Rabbis

<<to the offerings.

Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<“until

<<four

<<hours.”

<<A dilemma was raised before them:

<<“until”

<<and the “until”

<<is included,

<<or

<<perhaps

<<“until”

<<and not

<<the “until”

<<is included?!

<<Come and hear:

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<“until

<<the half of

<<Mincha.”

<<If

<<you say,

<<granted,

<<“until”

<<and not

<<the “until”

<<is included,

<<this is

<<that there is [a difference]

<<between

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<and the Rabbis.

<<But

<<if

<<you say

<<“until”

<<and the “until”

<<is included,

<<Rabbi Yehuda