that rot

<<their ties.

‘Inside

<<the nest

<<and found [them]

<<in front of

<<the nest —

<<they are prohibited.’

<<Shall we say

<<it supports

<<Rabbi Chanina?

<<For Rabbi Chanina said:

<<[between] a majority

<<and proximity,

<<follow

<<the majority!

Abaye said:

<<with a board.

<<Rava

<<said:

<<with two

<<nests,

<<one

<<above

<<the other,

<<we are dealing.

<<And it is not necessary [to say]

<<[where] he designated

<<in the lower

<<and did not

<<designate

<<in the upper,

<<and found [birds]

<<in the lower

<<and did not

<<find

<<in the upper,

<<that they are prohibited,

<<for we say:

<<those

<<went

<<away,

<<and these

<<slid down

<<and descended.

But

<<even

<<[where] he designated

<<in the upper

<<and did not

<<designate

<<in the lower,

<<and came

<<and found [birds]

<<in the upper

<<and did not

<<find

<<in the lower,

<<these

<<too

<<are prohibited,

<<for we say:

<<those

<<went

<<away,

<<and these

<<clambered up

<<and ascended.

‘And if

<<there are not

<<there

<<but

<<them,

<<these

<<are permitted.’

<<What is it like?

<<If you say

<<with birds that fly,

<<one can say:

<<those

<<went

<<away,

<<and these

<<others

<<are.

Rather,

<<with ones that hop.

<<If

<<there is

<<a nest

<<within

<<fifty

<<cubits,

<<they hopped over;

<<and if

<<there is not

<<a nest

<<within

<<fifty

<<cubits,

<<it is obvious

<<that they are permitted,

<<for Mar Ukva bar Chama said:

<<any [bird]

<<that hops

<<does not

<<hop

<<more

<<than fifty

<<cubits.

Actually,

<<where there is

<<a nest

<<within

<<fifty

<<cubits,

<<and such as

<<where it stands

<<in a corner.

<<Lest you say:

<<they hopped over —

<<it teaches us:

<<wherever

<<it hops

<<and [can] turn back

<<[and] see

<<its nest,

<<it hops;

<<and if

<<not,

<<it does not

<<hop.

MISHNAH:

<<Beis Shammai

<<say:

<<one may not

<<take

<<the pestle

<<to chop

<<on it

<<meat,

<<and Beis Hillel

<<permit.

<<Beis Shammai

<<say:

<<one may not

<<place

<<the hide

<<before

<<those who tread [it],

<<and one may not

<<lift it

<<unless

<<there is

<<with it

<<an olive's bulk of

<<meat;

<<and Beis Hillel

<<permit.

GEMARA:

<<It was taught:

<<and they agree

<<that if

<<he chopped

<<on it

<<meat,

<<that it is prohibited

<<to move it.

Abaye said:

<<the dispute is

<<about a pestle;

<<but

<<about a bone-breaker [block],

<<all agree

<<it is permitted.

<<Obviously!

<<A pestle

<<we learned!

Lest you say:

<<the same is true

<<that even

<<a bone-breaker [block]

<<too [is disputed],

<<and this

<<that it teaches

<<‘a pestle’ is

<<to inform you of

<<the strength of

<<Beis Hillel,

<<that even

<<an item

<<whose use

<<is prohibited

<<too

<<they permit —

<<it teaches us [otherwise].

Some say:

<<Abaye said:

<<it was not necessary

<<except

<<even

<<a bone-breaker [block]

<<that is new;

<<lest you say:

<<he will reconsider

<<and not

<<break

<<on it —

<<it teaches us [otherwise].

And Beis Shammai —

<<are they not

<<concerned

<<that he will reconsider?

<<But it is taught:

<<Beis Shammai

<<say:

<<one may not

<<bring

<<a butcher

<<and a knife

<<to

<<an animal,

<<nor

<<an animal

<<to

<<a butcher

<<and a knife.

<<And Beis Hillel

<<say:

<<one may bring

<<one

<<to

<<the other.

Beis Shammai

<<say:

<<one may not

<<bring

<<spices

<<and a pounder

<<to

<<a mortar,

<<nor

<<a mortar

<<to

<<spices

<<and a pounder.

<<And Beis Hillel

<<say:

<<one may bring

<<one

<<to

<<the other!

How can these be compared?!

<<Granted,

<<[with] an animal

<<he may come

<<to reconsider,

<<for he says:

<<let me leave

<<this

<<animal

<<that is lean

<<and I will bring

<<an animal

<<another

<<that is fatter

<<than it.

<<A pot

<<too —

<<he may come

<<to reconsider,

<<for he says:

<<let me leave

<<this

<<pot

<<that needs

<<spices,

<<and I will bring

<<another

<<that does not

<<need

<<spices.

<<Here,

<<what

<<is there

<<to say?

<<That he will reconsider

<<and not

<<break [bones]?

<<Since

<<he slaughtered it,

<<for breaking

<<it stands.

‘Beis Shammai

<<say:

<<one may not

<<place

<<the hide…’

<<It was taught:

<<and they agree

<<that one may salt

<<on it

<<meat

<<for roasting.

<<Abaye said:

<<they did not

<<teach [this]

<<except

<<for roasting,

<<but

<<for a pot,

<<no.

Obviously!

<<For roasting

<<we learned!

<<This

<<it teaches us:

<<that even

<<for roasting,

<<in the manner of

<<a pot

<<it is prohibited.

The Rabbis taught:

<<one may not

<<salt

<<the fats [of offerings]

<<and one may not

<<turn over

<<them.

<<In the name of

<<Rabbi Yehoshua

<<they said:

<<one may spread them

<<in the wind

<<on

<<pegs.

Rav Masna said:

<<the halacha is

<<like Rabbi Yehoshua.

<<Some say:

<<Rav Masna said:

<<the halacha is not

<<like Rabbi Yehoshua.

<<Granted,

<<according to the one who said

<<the halacha is

<<like Rabbi Yehoshua,

<<it was necessary:

<<it would enter your mind

<<to say:

<<[between] an individual

<<and many,

<<the halacha is

<<like the many —

<<it teaches us

<<the halacha is

<<like the individual.

But

<<according to the one who said

<<the halacha is not [so],

<<it is obvious:

<<[between] an individual

<<and many,

<<the halacha is

<<like the many!

<<Lest you say:

<<it is reasonable,

<<the reason

<<of Rabbi Yehoshua,

<<for if

<<you do not

<<permit

<<him,

<<he will refrain

<<and not

<<slaughter —

<<it teaches us [otherwise].

And what

<<is different

<<from the hide

<<before

<<those who tread [it]?