‘Impure

<<he shall be’ —

<<in any case.

That

<<is needed

<<for that which is taught:

<<‘impure

<<he shall be’

<<to include

<<one who immersed that day;

<<‘his impurity

<<is upon him’

<<to include

<<one lacking atonement offerings!

<<He said

<<to him:

<<I

<<from ‘while still

<<his impurity’

<<was speaking.

There are

<<who teach it

<<about this:

<<‘at plowing

<<and at harvest

<<you shall rest’ —

<<Rabbi Akiva

<<says:

<<there is no

<<need

<<to say

<<plowing

<<of

<<the seventh year

<<and harvest

<<of

<<the seventh year,

<<for indeed

<<already

<<it is said

<<‘your field

<<you shall not

<<sow

<<and your vineyard

<<you shall not

<<prune’ —

<<rather

<<even

<<plowing

<<of

<<the eve of

<<the seventh year

<<that carries over

<<into the seventh year,

<<and harvest

<<of

<<the seventh year

<<that extends

<<into the close of

<<the seventh year.

Rabbi Yishmael

<<says:

<<just as

<<plowing

<<is optional,

<<so too

<<harvest

<<is optional.

<<Excluded is

<<the harvest of the omer,

<<which is

<<a mitzvah.

Said

<<to him

<<a certain one

<<of the Rabbis

<<to Rava:

<<from where [do you know]

<<that plowing

<<is optional?

<<Perhaps

<<the plowing for the omer,

<<which is a mitzvah —

<<and even

<<so

<<said

<<the Merciful One

<<‘you shall rest’!

<<He said

<<to him:

<<since

<<if

<<he found

<<[it] plowed

<<he does not

<<plow,

<<it is not

<<a mitzvah.

Objected to him

<<Ravina

<<to Rava:

<<‘excluded is

<<the father

<<who strikes

<<his son,

<<and the teacher

<<who chastises

<<his student,

<<and the agent of

<<the court.’

<<And why?

<<Let us say:

<<since

<<if

<<he has learned

<<it is not

<<a mitzvah,

<<now

<<too

<<it is not

<<a mitzvah!

<<There,

<<even though

<<he has learned,

<<still

<<a mitzvah

<<he is doing,

<<as it is written:

<<‘chastise

<<your son

<<and he will give you rest.’

Retracted

<<[and] said

<<Rava:

<<not

<<a thing

<<is it

<<that I said.

<<Harvest

<<is like

<<plowing:

<<just as

<<plowing —

<<[if] he found

<<[it] plowed

<<he does not

<<plow —

<<so too

<<harvest

<<as well:

<<[if] he found

<<[it] harvested

<<he does not

<<harvest.

<<And if

<<it should enter your mind

<<it is a mitzvah,

<<[if] he found

<<[it] harvested

<<he does not

<<harvest?!

<<It is a mitzvah

<<to harvest

<<and to bring!

MISHNAH:

<<The father

<<is exiled

<<on account of

<<the son,

<<and the son

<<is exiled

<<on account of

<<the father.

<<All

<<are exiled

<<on account of

<<a Jew,

<<and Jews

<<are exiled

<<on account of them,

<<except

<<for a resident

<<alien.

<<And a resident

<<alien

<<is not

<<exiled

<<except

<<on account of

<<a resident

<<alien.

GEMARA:

<<‘The father

<<is exiled

<<on account of

<<the son.’

<<But you said:

<<‘excluded is

<<the father

<<who strikes

<<his son’!

<<Where he has learned.

<<But you said

<<even though

<<he has learned

<<a mitzvah

<<he is doing!

<<With an apprentice

<<of carpenters.

An apprentice

<<of carpenters —

<<his livelihood

<<it is

<<that he teaches him!

<<Where he has learned

<<a craft

<<other.

‘And the son

<<is exiled

<<on account of

<<the father’

<<etc.

<<But contrast it:

<<‘one who strikes a person’

<<— to exclude

<<one who strikes

<<his father.

<<Rav Kahana said:

<<it is not

<<a difficulty —

<<this is

<<Rabbi Shimon

<<and this is

<<the Rabbis.

According to Rabbi Shimon,

<<who says

<<strangulation

<<is more severe

<<than the sword:

<<an unwitting sword-offence

<<was given

<<to atonement;

<<an unwitting strangulation-offence

<<was not

<<given

<<to atonement.

According to the Rabbis,

<<who say

<<the sword

<<is more severe

<<than strangulation:

<<one who kills

<<his father

<<[unwittingly] —

<<an unwitting sword-offence

<<it is,

<<and an unwitting sword-offence

<<was given

<<to atonement.

Rava

<<said:

<<to exclude

<<one who inflicts

<<a wound

<<on his father

<<unwittingly.

<<It might have entered your mind to say:

<<since

<<where it is intentional

<<he is liable to execution,

<<where it is unwitting

<<too

<<let him be exiled —

<<so it teaches us.

‘All

<<are exiled

<<on account of

<<a Jew’

<<etc.

<<‘All

<<are exiled

<<on account of

<<a Jew’ —

<<to include

<<what?

<<To include

<<a slave

<<and a Kuthean.

<<We have learned

<<this,

<<that the Rabbis taught:

<<a slave

<<and a Kuthean

<<are exiled

<<and flogged

<<on account of

<<a Jew,

<<and a Jew

<<is exiled

<<and flogged

<<on account of

<<a Kuthean

<<and a slave.

Granted

<<a slave

<<and a Kuthean

<<is exiled

<<on account of

<<a Jew

<<and flogged —

<<exiled

<<where he killed him,

<<and flogged

<<where he cursed him.

<<But

<<a Jew

<<is exiled

<<and flogged

<<on account of

<<a Kuthean?

<<Granted

<<exiled

<<where he killed him;

<<but

<<flogged —

<<why?

<<Because he cursed him?

<<‘And a leader

<<among your people

<<you shall not

<<curse’ —

<<[applies] to one who does

<<the deeds of

<<your people!

Rather,

<<Rav Acha bar Yaakov said:

<<such as

<<where he testified

<<about him

<<and was proven a conspirator.

<<Correspondingly

<<in the case of

<<a slave —

<<where he testified

<<about him

<<and was proven a conspirator:

<<a slave,

<<is he fit to testify?

<<Rather,

<<Rav Acha son of Rav Ika said:

<<here

<<with what

<<are we dealing?

<<Such as

<<where he struck him

<<a blow