GEMARA:

<<What is the reason?

<<Because of

<<‘and he be degraded.’

Rav Sheshes said

<<in the name of

<<Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya:

<<from where

<<that the strap

<<is

<<of

<<calfskin?

<<For it is written:

<<‘forty

<<he shall strike him,’

<<and adjacent

<<to it:

<<‘you shall not

<<muzzle

<<an ox

<<in its threshing.’

And Rav Sheshes said

<<in the name of

<<Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya:

<<from where

<<that a yevamah

<<who fell [for levirate marriage]

<<before

<<one afflicted with boils,

<<that they do not

<<muzzle

<<her?

<<For it is written:

<<‘you shall not

<<muzzle

<<an ox

<<in its threshing,’

<<and adjacent

<<to it:

<<‘when

<<dwell

<<brothers

<<together’

<<and so on.

And Rav Sheshes said

<<in the name of

<<Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya:

<<anyone

<<who disparages

<<the festivals

<<it is as if

<<he worships

<<idolatry,

<<for it is written:

<<‘gods of

<<molten metal

<<you shall not

<<make

<<for yourself,’

<<and adjacent

<<to it:

<<‘the festival of

<<matzos

<<you shall keep.’

And Rav Sheshes said

<<in the name of

<<Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya:

<<anyone

<<who speaks

<<lashon hara,

<<and likewise

<<one who accepts

<<lashon hara,

<<and anyone

<<who testifies

<<false testimony —

<<is fit

<<to be thrown

<<to the dogs,

<<for it is written:

<<‘to the dog

<<you shall throw

<<it,’

<<and adjacent

<<to it:

<<‘you shall not

<<carry

<<a report

<<false’

<<and so on;

<<read

<<it

<<also as

<<‘you shall not

<<cause to carry.’

‘And two

<<straps’

<<etc.

<<A tanna taught:

<<of

<<donkey hide.

<<As expounded

<<a certain

<<Galilean

<<about

<<Rav Chisda:

<<‘knows

<<the ox

<<its owner

<<and the donkey

<<the trough of

<<its master;

<<Israel

<<does not

<<know’

<<and so on.

<<Said

<<the Holy One, Blessed be He:

<<let come

<<one

<<who recognizes

<<the trough of

<<its master,

<<and exact payment

<<from one

<<who does not

<<recognize

<<the trough of

<<his Master.

‘Its handle

<<a handbreadth’

<<etc.

<<Abaye said:

<<learn from it:

<<for each and every one

<<according to

<<his back

<<we make

<<it.

<<Said

<<to him

<<Rava:

<<if so,

<<would be many

<<for them

<<straps,

<<a great deal!

<<Rather,

<<Rava said:

<<a loop

<<it has

<<on it:

<<when

<<he wishes,

<<he tightens

<<it;

<<when

<<he wishes,

<<he loosens

<<it.

‘They flog

<<him’

<<etc.

<<From where are these things [derived]?

<<Rav Kahana said:

<<for said

<<the verse:

<<‘and shall lay him down

<<the judge

<<and strike him

<<before him

<<according to

<<his wickedness,

<<by number’ —

<<wickedness

<<one

<<in front,

<<two

<<wickednesses

<<behind.

‘They do not

<<flog

<<him’

<<etc.

<<Rav Chisda said in the name of Rabbi Yochanan:

<<from where

<<that the strap

<<is

<<doubled?

<<As it is said:

<<‘and he shall lay him down.’

<<But

<<it is needed

<<for itself!

<<If so,

<<let write

<<the verse

<<‘he shall bend him’;

<<what is

<<‘he shall lay him down’?

<<Learn from it

<<two things.

‘The striker

<<strikes

<<with his hand.’

<<The Rabbis taught:

<<they do not

<<appoint

<<court attendants

<<except

<<lacking in

<<strength

<<and abundant in

<<knowledge.

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<even

<<lacking in

<<knowledge

<<and abundant in

<<strength.

Rava said:

<<in accordance with

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<it stands to reason,

<<for it is written:

<<‘he shall not

<<add …

<<lest

<<he add’:

<<if

<<you say,

<<granted,

<<lacking in

<<knowledge —

<<that is

<<why he needs

<<to be warned.

<<But

<<if

<<you say

<<abundant in

<<knowledge —

<<does

<<he need

<<to be warned?

<<And the Rabbis:

<<they do not

<<urge on

<<except

<<the already zealous.

A tanna taught:

<<when he

<<raises [the strap],

<<he raises it

<<with both

<<his hands,

<<and when he

<<strikes,

<<he strikes

<<with his hand

<<one,

<<so that

<<(it not come)

<<[it come]

<<from itself [the strap].

‘And the reader

<<reads’

<<etc.

<<The Rabbis taught:

<<the greatest

<<of the judges

<<reads,

<<the second

<<counts,

<<and the third

<<says:

<<‘strike him!’

<<When

<<the flogging

<<is extensive,

<<he lengthens [the reading];

<<when

<<the flogging

<<is slight,

<<he shortens.

<<But

<<we

<<learned:

<<‘he returns

<<to the beginning of

<<the passage’!

<<It is a mitzvah

<<to be exact;

<<and if

<<he was not

<<exact,

<<he returns

<<to the beginning of

<<the passage.

The Rabbis taught:

<<‘a flogging

<<great’ —

<<I have only

<<a flogging

<<great;

<<a flogging

<<slight —

<<from where?

<<The verse teaches:

<<‘he shall not

<<add.’

<<If so,

<<what does the verse teach by

<<‘a flogging

<<great’?

<<It teaches

<<about

<<the first ones

<<that they are

<<a flogging

<<great.

‘He soiled himself’

<<etc.

<<The Rabbis taught:

<<both

<<the man

<<and

<<the woman —

<<with excrement

<<and not

<<with urine —

<<the words of

<<Rabbi Meir.

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<the man

<<with excrement,

<<and the woman

<<with urine.

<<And the Sages

<<say:

<<both

<<the man

<<and

<<the woman,

<<whether

<<with excrement

<<or

<<with urine.

But it is taught:

<<Rabbi Yehuda

<<says:

<<both

<<the man

<<and

<<the woman

<<with excrement!

<<Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said:

<<both of them

<<are equal

<<with excrement.

Shmuel said:

<<[if] they tied him,

<<and he ran

<<from the court,

<<he is exempt.

<<They raised an objection:

<<[if] he was degraded,

<<whether

<<at the first [lash]

<<or

<<at the second,

<<they exempt

<<him.

<<[If] snapped

<<the strap

<<at the second,

<<they exempt

<<him;

<<at the first,

<<they do not

<<exempt

<<him.

<<Why?

<<Let it be

<<like running!

<<There

<<he ran;

<<here

<<he did not

<<run.

The Rabbis taught:

<<[if] they assessed him

<<that when he is flogged

<<he will be degraded,

<<they exempt

<<him.

<<[That] when he leaves

<<the court

<<he will be degraded,

<<they flog

<<him.

<<And not

<<only that,

<<but

<<even

<<[if] he was degraded

<<at the outset,

<<they flog

<<him,

<<as it is said:

<<‘and strike him

<<and so on

<<and he be degraded’ —

<<and not

<<that he was degraded

<<already

<<in the court.

MISHNAH:

<<All

<<those liable to kares

<<who were flogged

<<are exempt

<<from

<<their kares,

<<as it is said:

<<‘and be degraded

<<your brother

<<before your eyes’ —

<<once he is flogged,

<<behold

<<he is

<<as your brother —

<<the words of

<<Rabbi Chananya ben Gamliel.

And Rabbi Chananya ben Gamliel said:

<<if

<<one who commits

<<a transgression

<<single

<<forfeits

<<his soul

<<for it,

<<one who does

<<a mitzvah

<<single —

<<how much more so

<<that will be given

<<to him

<<his soul.

<<Rabbi Shimon

<<says:

<<from its own place

<<it

<<is learned,

<<as it is said:

<<‘and shall be cut off

<<the souls

<<that do [them]’

<<and so on.